Breakthrough Discovery Maps DNA’s Hidden Structures

From: breastadvocateapp.com

Researchers at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research have made a groundbreaking discovery. They have uncovered hidden DNA structures that could change disease treatment and diagnosis. Published today in The EMBO Journal, the study maps over 50,000 i-motifs, unusual knot-like structures in the human genome.

Unveiling the Mysteries of DNA

DNA is well-known for its double helix shape, but the human genome also contains over 50,000 i-motifs, unique structures discovered by the Garvan Institute. Unlike the double helix, i-motifs form a four-stranded, twisted shape when cytosine bases pair together.

This new study builds on a 2018 breakthrough where Garvan scientists first visualized i-motifs in living cells. Using a new antibody tool, researchers have now mapped these structures across the genome, revealing their widespread presence in key regions that regulate gene activity.

Dynamic Roles and Potential in Cancer Research

“In this study, we mapped over 50,000 i-motif sites in the human genome,” says Professor Daniel Christ. He is the senior author and Head of the Antibody Therapeutics Lab at Garvan.”The sheer number of these structures challenges previous notions and highlights their potential significance in genomic function and disease.”

I-motifs are concentrated in areas of the genome crucial for gene activity regulation. Notably, these structures are found in the promoter regions of oncogenes, such as the MYC oncogene, known for its role in cancer. This discovery suggests that i-motifs may play a dynamic role in gene regulation. Presenting an exciting opportunity for targeting disease-linked genes through novel therapeutic approaches.

Cristian David Peña Martinez, a research officer, notes, “Our findings indicate that i-motifs are associated with genes active during critical phases of the cell cycle, suggesting their involvement in regulating gene expression. Their presence in oncogenes, like MYC, opens up new avenues for targeted cancer therapies.”

New Horizons for Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Associate Professor Sarah Kummerfeld, emphasizes the potential impact of this discovery: “The widespread presence of i-motifs near important genetic sequences involved in hard-to-treat cancers could lead to the development of targeted drugs and diagnostic tools. Expanding current treatment options.”

The study’s success was made possible by Garvan’s expertise in antibody development and genomics. Thus illustrating how fundamental research and technological advancements can lead to transformative discoveries in medicine.

Funding for this research was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council.

Professor Daniel Christ and Associate Professor Sarah Kummerfeld are also Conjoint Professors at St Vincent’s Clinical School. Further enhancing the collaborative nature of this groundbreaking research.

For further details, visit Garvan Institute.