A step-by-step guide to physical and visual breast exams

Early detection plays a key role in protecting your health when it comes to breast cancer (or any type of cancer). Screening mammograms should start at age 40, but recommendations may vary across organizations and depending on factors, including whether you have a gene mutation, denser breast tissue, or a family history of breast cancer.

Here’s how to perform a visual exam:

Stand topless in front of a mirror.
Inspect your breasts for:
- changes in size, symmetry, or shape
- dimpling, bulging, puckering of the skin
- nipples that are inverted or have changed position
- asymmetrical ridges at the bottom
- redness, soreness, a rash, or swelling
Look for these signs in these different ways:
- with your hands on your hips
- with your arms over your head
- while lifting one breast at a time

Here’s how to perform a physical exam:

Use the pads of your fingers to inspect your breasts while lying down. Your fingers may glide across your skin more easily with soapy water in the shower.
Starting at your nipple, take your time using varying pressure to massage your fingers over your breasts in a spiral pattern, searching for any new lumps or changes in skin texture.
Put one arm over your head while massaging your breast with the other hand.
Make your way to the top of your breast near the collarbone, the center of your breastbone, and the sides near your armpits.
Lightly squeeze your nipples to check for any discharge.

If your breasts feel and look the way they usually do, then there’s no need to take action. Even if you find a lump, the vast majority are benign, so try not to worry too much. Speak with your doctor if you notice any changes or concerns during your self-exams to see if further testing is needed.